Комментарии: Av. paradigm C (loc. q̇:ʷalá-ƛ̣: 'under the arm, in the arm-pit'; Chad. q̇ʷalí-l,q̇ʷála-l). Andian forms reflect a subessive *q̇:ʷar-ƛ̣:i < *q̇:ʷal-ƛ̣:i (with dissimilation) = Av. q̇:ʷaláƛ̣:, Chad. q̇ʷa-ƛ̣ ("armpit"). The suffixless form, besides Avar, is preserved only in Akhv. q̇:ʷari 'sleeve of a fur-coat; armful" - but the -r- here raises some problems (it has, perhaps, developped analogically with the dissimilated form *q̇:ʷar-ƛ̣:i). The Kar. form demonstrates a dissimilative voicing of the initial affricate; Cham. (Gig. q̇:o-du-ƛ̣:i) and God. forms also reflect a former subessive case, but from different oblique bases (*q̇:ʷa(l)-dV- and *q̇:ʷa(l)-zV-). From Andian languages is borrowed Inkh. q̇ʷaƛ̣i 'armpit'.
Комментарии: In Tindi there occurred an assimilation (ḳaḳa- < *q̇:ʷaḳa-). Cf. also Kar. q̇:ʷanḳ- 'to harden'. A remnant of a non-reduplicated form may be Akhv. q̇:a-re-da- 'hard' (used as a synonym of q̇:ʷãḳe-da-).
Комментарии: Av. paradigm A (q̇:o-l / q̇:óji-l,q̇:ója-l, Chad. q̇ó-dul,q̇ója-l). The Kar. form is from the Anch. dialect. Cf. also Av. žá-q̇:a, Chad. é-q̇a-d 'today'.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm C (q̇:oč̣ó-l,q̇:úč̣-dul; Chad. q̇:oc̣ó-l,q̇:úc̣-dul). Labialisation is suggestedby the archaic God. form (č:ak:ʷa < *č̣:Vḳ:ʷV < *č̣:Vq̇:ʷV with a regular shift *-q̇:ʷ- > -ḳ:ʷ- in PA), as well as by the correspondence PA *-i- : Av. -e- (usual after originally labialised consonants). However, most languages have lost the labialisation, and already in PA wehave no reason to reconstruct it; moreover, the God. form may just have been influenced by another PA root, *c̣:iḳ:ʷa 'small intestine' q.v. (with which it has obviously contaminated, at least semantically). Kar. -r- is probably secondary (no other languages have any trace of it).
In general, this is a very hard case for reconstruction, because of contaminations (with PA *c̣:iḳ:ʷa), metatheses and dissimilations (in Akhv., Tind. and Cham.), usual for this root structure.
Комментарии: Kar. ḳono instead of *q̇:ono ( < PA *q̇:ʷinV which would be regularly expected) probably because of contamination with the root PA *ḳʷirV 'crop, craw' q.v. (all other Kar. dialects have ḳoro).
Значение:1 group (of people), company 2 to crowd, gather
Аварский:q̇:oq̇:á 1
Чамалинский:q̇:oq̇:-id- 2
Годоберинский:q̇:uq̇:a 1
Комментарии: The Andian forms may be borrowed from Avar (but may be also genuinely related). Av. (or an unattested Tindi form) > Inkh. q̇uq̇a 'group, company'.
Комментарии: Av. paradigm B (q̇:orq̇:ó-l,q̇:urq̇:-bí; Chad. q̇oq̇ó-l,q̇uq̇-bí). Although the root is onomatopoeic, the correspondences are basically regular, except for dissimilation *q̇:- > k- in Northern Akhv. (cf. also Akhv. Ratl. korq̇:o; but Tseg. q̇:uq̇:u, Tlan. q̇:urq̇:u), and expressive nasalisation in Cham. (cf. also Gig. q̇:unq̇:u).
Значение:1 wolf-hole 2 burrow 3 dug-out 4 hut 5 trap
Аварский:q̇:or 1
Чадаколоб:q̇:or 5
Ахвахский:q̇:oro 2
Чамалинский:q̇:uru 4 (Gig.)
Тиндинский:q̇:ara-ƛ:i 3
Комментарии: Av. paradigm A (gen. q̇:óri-l; but Chad. C: q̇oró-l,q̇:óra-l); the word has also a meaning 'underground passage'. Tindi reflects a locative form (in -ƛ:i) with irregular vocalism (q̇:ura-ƛ:i or q̇:ora-ƛ:i would be expected).
